Turning:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1- Finish Turning

 

It is a metal cutting process used for the generation of cylindrical surfaces. it cuts away the unwanted material and this process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture and cutting tool. Basically a single point tool is used.  Workpiece is secured to the fixture which itself is attached to the turning machine which allows the workpiece to rotate at high speed and the cutter is also secured in the machine. Basically the workpiece is rotated on a spindle and the tool is fed into it which gives the required surface. The tool feeds into the rotating workpiece and removes the material to be removed in the form of chips.

 

Taper Turning:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2- Taper Turning

 

This process is used to set and cut out a specific diameter of a workpiece. It differs from the normal turning only in the way that taper turning is actually used to get the desired workpiece of a diameter, whereas the normal turning is mostly used to remove the outer layer of the material (rust layer and the excess surface), also known as rough turning. The adjustments that have to be made to the tool while moving from the rough turning to taper turning process is that the feed is given to the tool and the side crank by giving the required distance to the side crank meter which helps the tool to move closer to the workpiece and make the required cut. To smoothen the cutting process, the cutting oil can also be used before the actual taper turning is performed.

 

Facing:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 3- Facing

 

Facing is similar to turning as the same single point cutting tool is used in facing as well. The only difference is that in facing the tool is moved perpendicularly compared to moving the tool parallel. The tool used in facing has a zero angle cutting point and this is the only difference in the tool used for facing and turning. Facing can also be used to smoothen the end of a workpiece and also to chamfer  the edges.

 

Knurling:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 4- Knurling

 

Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shape pattern on the surface of a work piece. The purpose of knurling to make a perfect gripping on the work piece to prevent it from slipping when operated by hand.in some press fit work knurling is done to increase the diameter of the shaft. The operation is performed by special knurling tool which is consists of a set of hardened steel rollers in a holder with the teeth cut on their surface in a definite pattern. Knurls are available in course, medium and fine pitches.

 

Finishing:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 5- Using Sandpaper

 

It is a process for smoothing the surface of the workpiece, while the workpiece is rotating on the lathe we use rough sandpaper to smooth the surface and then we use smooth sandpaper to smoothen it further and to give it a good shiny appearance.

 

Quenching:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 6- Hardening

 

Quenching is the process used for hardening the punch as the punch is used on a metal, the punch should  be more harder than the metal piece which we use it on . For the hardening what  we do is heat the punch red hot and then quench it directly into water or any other coolant which cools the punch rapidly and because of this rapid cooling the crystal structure of the metal changes and becomes more harder. The process is called quenching because we quench the punch in the coolant after heating .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography:

 

Text:-

Manufacturing Technology. Lathe Related Operations. [2007] Available at: http://engineering-manufacturingtechnology.blogspot.ae/2007/05/lathe-related-operations.html. [Accessed 27 October 2015].

 

Images:-

Figure 1- Wikipedia, Finish Turning.

Figure 2- Jordanhill School D&T Dept., Using the metalwork lathe.

Figure 3- Mini Lathe Operation: Facing, Facing.

Figure 4- GRABCAD, Knurling on Shaft.

Figure 5- HiR Information Report, Using Sandpaper.

Figure 6- Apocalypse Forge, Quenching.